Do you know about - The Role and significance of Eia
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What is Eia
The pollution in air, water and land has lead to ecological imbalance and possible condition hazards. As a result, regulations in the form of laws and policies on environmental safety were introduced. The Environmental Impact assessment (Eia) is one such effort.
Environmental Impact assessment (Eia) is the official assessment process to identify, predict, evaluate and clarify the ecological, social, and linked biophysical effects of a proposed policy, program or task on the environment. It provides comprehension on alternatives and measures to be adopted before any commitment, thus helps in prominent decision-making. The widespread objective of the Eia is to construct developmental projects and activities taking into notice the environmental perspective.
Functions of Eia
The Eia provides the following benefits:
an opportunity for public participation, increased safety of human health, the sustainable use of natural resources, reduced task costs and delays, minimized risks of environmental disasters, and increased government responsibility.
Eia particularly aims to optimize a trade-off in the middle of developmental activities and socio-ecological losses. It is a management tool linked intimately to the task providing suitable environmental data within the stipulated time.
Legislation
Many countries now have mandatory legislation or policies for environmental impact assessments. In India Environmental Impact assessment (Eia) was formally introduced in 1994. Both central and state authorities together share the responsibility of its amelioration and management. An post task assessment prognosis description drawn on Strength, Weakness, opportunity and Threat (Swot) highlights several constraints, such as improper screening and scope, ineffective monitoring and provides requisite guidelines. The legislation provides realization of opportunity for expanding public awareness, initiatives of environmental groups and enterprise society and to concentrate environmental notice into plans and policies. Some of the unforeseen threats to the law are poor governance, rapid economic reforms and favors to small-scale units.
Eia process involves three basic steps:
(a) making ready of the report: It involves screening, scoping and documentation.
Screening
Screening determines either Eia is required or not, any task in ecologically brittle areas and falling under coastal zone regulation, requires an Eia.
Scoping
Scoping identifies the concerns and issues to be addressed for a singular project. It involves the following steps:
Baseline analysis: A comparison of project-induced environmental changes with the incredible environmental changes without proposed task is assessed straight through baseline analysis. Impact prediction: The prediction prognosis forecasts the nature and importance of the incredible impacts. Impact mitigation measures: Environmental management Plan (Emp), risk assessment description and disaster management plan (if risky substances are complicated in the project), rehabilitation plan (if displacement of population is anticipated) are ready to recommend corrective measures.
Documentation
(a) A widespread description is ready which summarizes the description of the project, regional settings, baseline conditions, impact prediction and prominent findings of the study.
(b) report and decision-making-The Impact assessment (Ia) division reviews the application accompanied by the documents of Eia and Emp report, No objection certificate (Noc), risk assessment and crisis preparedness plan, rehabilitation plan, details of public hearing, clearance from airport authority and state forest departments, etc. The Ia is free to escort site visits if considers necessary. Based on the Eia report and other information, the Ia either grants or rejects the environment clearance to the project.
(c) Post task Monitoring (Ppm) -The Ppm ensures the implementation in accordance with the measures specified while providing the environmental clearance (Ec). Thus, it performs a dual task of identifying the actual environmental impacts of the task and implementation of the desired mitigation measures of the Emp.
Conclusion
To address the requisite issues political commitment and public participation is indispensable. Improved effectiveness will also depend on strength of government division coordination, integrated decision-making, adequate training to assorted stakeholders and supporting infrastructure for purposeful monitoring and enforcement. The methods of conducting environmental impact assessments are usually revised for progressive refinement that not only help take off existing constraints but also take care of future challenges.
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